Music for Voices

Pop Ballad: Is a form of narrative set to music which is full of emotion and is generally slow.

Musical example of a Ballad.

Folk Music: British isles and america, often has a simple instrument accompaniment, usually on guitar. sometime folk songs are sung a cappella. often in verse form they don't always have a chorus.
the lyrics tend to tell a story (political, moan about the country or something)

 a musical example of folk music.

 Lily Rosemary and the jack of hearts, they tell a story.

Madrigal: a part song for several voices, typically arranged in an elaborate counterpoint and without instrument accompaniment, influenced strongly by text. 

popular in the 14th century, originated in Italy, type of song for a small group of singers (no more than about 6) not religious pieces of music though they may sound it they are secular, (tend to have a lot of falalalalalalala's) 

Concerto

concerto is a musical composition for a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra.
concerto was in the Baroque, Classical and Romantic periods in music.
Antonio Vivaldi wrote over 400 concertos for various instruments, in the Baroque period.
A musical example of Antonio Vivaldi's concerto for a Mandolin.

Joseph Haydn wrote a few concertos in the Classical period and two of them were for cellos.
This is a musical example of one of Joseph Haydn's concertos for a Cello.

Niccolo Paganini, was violinist and a concerto composer in the Romantic period.
This is a musical example of niccolo Paganini's concerto for a violin.

This is  a visual musical example of Niccolo Paganini for a violin.

Concerto grosso is a musical composition for a group of soloist instruments accompanied by an orchestra.

20th century 'classical' music

Minimalism Electronic music:
Atonal music: A piece of music that is played by a load of random Notes, not in a specific key.

A musical example of Atonal music

Aleatoric music: music of chance, 1950's 60's
Serialism: using every single note in an octive, uses the whole of the chromatic scale. All the notes are it in any random order and you had to use all the notes and they could be used in an order. Schoenberg the inventor of serialism. Play it forwards and backwards (inverted) then you play it in retrograde, retrograde is where every interval between notes would be inverted.

a musical example and description of Serialism 

Romantic Period

1810-1900

All about breaking rules and changing everything about music. Making it completely different to classical. Beethoven started it all.

 Romantic opera placed emphasis on the imagination and emotions. It started to give more dimension to extreme emotions. Opera had become a marriage of the arts, a musical drama, full of glorious song and costume. From its conception during the baroque period to the maturity of the romantic period, it was the medium through which tales and myths were revisited and history was retold. Composers even used this expressive means to display nationalism. Composers used elements of folk music to express their cultural identity. They can go on forever like 3 hours. Any form of disaster can go on in the piece. It's ENORMOUS big people, lots of brass instruments, very dramatic. Gods and mythical stuff. 'it ain't over till the fat lady sings' this saying comes into romantic opera.

Dissonance: clashy sounds.notes from outside the key being used. In order for composers to be able to make music sound full of emotion. Broke all the classical period rules as dissonance was not allowed. (a musical example of Dissonance)

Virtuoso: a performer that excels in technical ability. Most complicated, the best and so amazing at playing an instrument, can use every ounce of the instrument, as fast, slow and as hard or soft as that instrument can be played. Liszt. Composer and pianist.(a musical example of a Virtuoso)

Tone poems: having a non-musical object and a composer going and writing a piece of music to describe that object, eg. A painting or a story. (a musical example of a Tone Poem)

Programme music: similar to tone poems. No singing it is just instrumental, based in a story or piece of writing, difference to tone poems, is programme music can go on for a lot longer. (a musical example of programme music)
 

Impressionism: creates an atmosphere of a music, without the use of words. (musical example of Impressionism) 

Romantic symphony: can last a long time 20-40 mins, the orchestra became about 60 people, they didn't follow a specific pattern, they didn't follow any of the rules, it most of the prices had more an 4 movement they just added them in if they wanted more. Much larger orchestras and were more expressive. (a musical example of a romantic symphony)

The romantic period

1810-1900 All about breaking rules and changing everything about music. Making it completely different to classical. Beethoven started it all. Romantic opera placed emphasis on The imagination and emotions. It started to give mor dimension to extreme emotions. Opera had become a marriage of the arts, a musical drama, full of glorious song and costume. From its conception during the baroque period to the maturity of the romantic period, it was the medium through which tales and myths were revisited and history was retold. Composers even used this expressive means to display nationalism. Composers used elements of folk music to express their cultural identity. They can go on forever like 3 hours. Any form of disaster can go on in the piece. It's ENORMOUS big people, lots of brass instruments, very dramatic. Gods and mythical stuff. 'it ain't over till the fat lady sings' this saying comes into romantic opera. http://library.thinkquest.org/15413/history/history-rom.htm (use this website) Dissonance: clashy sounds.notes from outside the key being used. In order for composers to be able to make music sound full of emotion. Broke all the classical period rules as dissonance was not allowed. Virtuoso: a performer that excels in technical ability. Most complicated, the best and so amazing at playing an instrument, can use every ounce of the instrument, as fast, slow and as hard or soft as that instrument can be played. Liszt. Composer and pianist.(get a musical example) Tone poems: having a non-musical object and a composer going and writing a piece of music to describe that object, eg. A painting or a story. Programme music: similar to tone poems. No singing it is just instrumental, based in a story or piece of writing, difference to tone poems, is programme music can go on for a lot longer. Impressionism: creates an atmosphere of a music and not go through the actual words. Romantic symphony: can last a long time 20-40 mins, the orchestra became about 60 people, they didn't follow a specific pattern, they didn't follow any of the rules, it most of the prices had more an 4 movement they just added them in if they wanted more. Much larger orchestras and were more expressive. Wagner, liszt Schumann Mahler.

Classical Period

Alberti Bass ~ the chords of the alberti bass are played as arpeggios or broken chords they are quite common to the works of Franz Joseph Hadyn.

The Alberti bass goes from the lowest note to the highest note to the middle note and then the highest note again. 

An example of an Alberti bass.

Diatonic Music: Music where all the notes are in the Key. No clashy sounds
Even phrases, Two equal chunks of music back to back
Regular chunks of music as if they have been separated by commas.

An example of Diatonic Music 

Symphony: A large orchestral piece. Split into chunks called movements. It can last as long as it wants, Loads of time LOADS of people,
Three movements;
First movement: in sonata form.
Second movement: written in a contrasting key and has a slower and stronger melody line
Third movement: Is much livelier and more light hearted and in a rondo form.

Concerto: a piece of music for a solo instrument and orchestra.

An example of Concerto 

Classical period.

Dates: 1750-1810.
Alberti bass~ The chords of the Alberti Bass are played as arpeggios or broken Chords
they are quite common to the works of Franz Joseph Haydn.
The Alberti bass goes from the lowest nite to the highest note to the middle note to the highest note again. (http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary/texta/AlbertiBass.html)
(find musical example of Alberti bass)

diatonic music~ music where all the notes are in the key. No clashy sounds.
Even phrases. Two equal size chunks of music back to back. (mozart) regular chunks of music as if separated by commas.

Symphony~ a large orchestral piece. Split into chunks called movements. Can last as long as they want. Lots of time, lots of people playing. Three movements~ first movement in sonata form. Second movement~ written in a contrasting key, slower and stronger melody line. Third movement~ livelier. More light hearted. In rondo form.

Concerto~ a piece of music for solo instrument and orchestra.